Power Line Communication or Carrier (PLC)
Power line communication or power line carrier (PLC), also known as Power line Digital Subscriber Line
(PDSL), mains communication, Power Line Telecom (PLT), Power Line Networking (PLN), or Broadband
over Power Lines (BPL) are systems for carrying data on a conductor also used for electric power transmission.
Electrical power is transmitted over high voltage transmission lines, distributed over medium voltage, and used
inside buildings at lower voltages. Power line communications can be applied at each stage. Most PLC
technologies limit themselves to one set of wires (for example, premises wiring), but some can cross between two
levels (for example, both the distribution network and premises wiring). Typically the transformer prevents
propagating the signal, which requires multiple PLC technologies to be used to form very large networks.

All power line communications systems operate
by impressing a modulated carrier signal on the
wiring system. Different types of power line
communications use different frequency
bands, depending on the signal transmission
characteristics of the power wiring used. Since
the power wiring system was originally intended
for transmission of AC power, in conventional
use, the power wire circuits have only a limited
ability to carry higher frequencies. The
propagation problem is a limiting factor for each
type of power line communications. A new
discovery called E-Line that allows a single
power conductor on an overhead power line to
operate as a waveguide to provide low
attenuation propagation of RF through
microwave energy lines while providing
information rate of multiple Gbps is an
exception to this limitation.
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